Psychology and Psychiatry Glossary 02 - Consulting of Psychology and Health Montse Valls Giner

From these pages, our center provides you with a description of the symptoms of the most common diseases and disorders of the mind. Know that this relationship is purely informational and should under no circumstances be used for diagnostic, as this mission is optional, only, duly qualified professionals.

To make it easier to use, this relationship is sorted alphabetically. If you know the name of the disorder or disease that interests you, click on the letter that its name starts, in the following menu to go to the page that contains it.

Or if you prefer, directly looking for the name, you're interested in the alphabetical list of all the disorders or diseases that we see in this glossary, we offer you below:

INITIAL	NAME	CHARACTERISTICS AND SYMPTOMS	HABITUAL TREATMENT
A	APHASIA Go to menu	Aphasia is language disorders due to focal central lesion. They can lead to different types of responses, depending on the lesion: - Removal of language - Reduction - Tachylalia - Stereotyped - perseverations - Anomie - Dysprosody They are grouped into several types of aphasia: - Broca's Aphasia - Sensory Aphasia - Conduction aphasia	Treatment is neurological and is sometimes supplemented with speech therapy at the discretion of the neurologist.
	APHASIA BROCA Go to menu	It consists of a lesion in the Broca's area (posterior third of the first frontal gyrus. Left Hemisphere) It causes: Loss of speech or language breathy, Stereotypes, intonation quite communicative, good or acceptable understanding, severe agrammatism, telegraphic language, apraxia bucophonatory (will not get to organize motor function) (inability to move the speech organs)	Treatment is neurological and is sometimes supplemented with speech therapy at the discretion of the neurologist
	APHASIA OF CONDUCTION Go to menu	The lesion is in the post-core cortex. Evoked responses are: Difficulty in repetition, fluent expression, phonological paraphasias, phonics approach, a good understanding remains.	Treatment is neurological and is sometimes supplemented with speech therapy at the discretion of the neurologist
	APHASIA SENSORIAL Go to menu	The injury occurs on the 3rd temporal gyrus. It generates a totally opposite symptoms to Broca's aphasia, so that the sufferer occurs: Inability to understand what is being said, the term is fluent, there paraphasias, anosognosia (not being aware of speaking ill), anomia , repeated failure, loss of sense of the words, the subject reads wrong and do not understand what you read, writing retains the graphics (the letters are well done, but do not build words)	Treatment is neurological and is sometimes supplemented with speech therapy at the discretion of the neurologist
	APRAXIA CONSTRUCTIONAL Go to menu	Apraxias, are alterations in the embodiment, due to injury in the brain. In the case of construction, the failure occurs when playing a graphic model. A specific deficiency in the step of the visual perception, to the action.	Treatment is neurological.
	APRAXIA DRESS Go to menu	Apraxias, are alterations in the embodiment, due to injury in the brain. For the dress, there is the difficulty or inability to dress properly, both spatial problems (eg .: put clothes backwards) or planning problems (eg .: Wear multiple pairs of socks).	Treatment is neurological.
	APRAXIA IDEATIONAL Go to menu	Apraxias, are alterations in the embodiment, due to injury in the brain. For the ideational, involves alteration of the performance of a complex logic and act harmonious sequence of different basic gestures, when trying to make correctly. Misses the plan of action and there perseverations.	Treatment is neurological.
	APRAXIA IDEOMOTOR Go to menu	Apraxias, are alterations in the embodiment, due to injury in the brain. In the case of ideomotor, is the failure to perform simple gestures by imitation or, failing especially the latter. They can not succeed gestures expressive value (eg .: say good-bye), conventional symbolic gestures (eg .: military salute, descriptive gestures using an object (eg .: evoke the gesture of cutting with scissors without have them), gestures imitation without specific meaning (eg .: If anyone makes a gesture may not copy correctly)	Treatment is neurological.
	APRAXIA MELOKINETIC Go to menu	Apraxias, are alterations in the embodiment, due to injury in the brain. For the melokinetic, there is the difficulty or impossibility of constructing kinetic melodies.	Treatment is neurological.
	APROSEXIA Go to menu	It is a disorder of attention. In this case the individual, has arrived to the maximum, no longer pay any attention. Capacity is absolutely null. The origin of attention disorders are manifold. They can be caused by brain damage, leading to loss of alertness. It can also be caused by apathy and lack of interest as a result of depression and schizophrenia aimed to autism or intellectual deficit own oligophrenia and dementia.	The treatment may be neurological, psychiatric, psychological and pharmacological or combinations thereof, depending on the origin and cause.
	APROSODIA Go to menu	It is an emotional state in which the subject suffers the loss of affect in language. It is caused by Parkinson's disease or lesions in the nondominant hemisphere (right)	Treatment, if there is neurological and pharmacological.
	ASOMATOGNOSIA Go to menu	It is a disorder that occurs in who has it, the feeling of complete or partial disappearance of the body (eg .: can explain that no liver). It is typical depressive. There is a condition known as Cotard, where the depressive syndrome (usually elderly), for example you can say: "I'm not hungry, I have no stomach for." There will come a time when will "lose" so much, they believe he is dead and even the belief that they have passed the death, has become immortal.	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological.
	ASYMBOLIA Go to menu	It is a type of agnosia, where the perception of pain is reduced or suppressed (eg .: rubbing of shoes that does cause a blister and not affected perceived) Although the cause is usually neuronal, it can also occur in psychotic and autistic.	The treatment will be neurological or psychiatric and pharmacological.
	AUTISM Go to menu	It is the trend away from personal relationships, friendships, family. The patient progressively closes all relations. It is a symptom of some schizophrenia.	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological.
	AUTOSCOPY Go to menu	It is a form of hallucination, where the sufferer, he sees himself in front. It usually lasts a few seconds. On the basis of this disorder, there may be various causes, ranging from brain tumors, epilepsy, schizophrenia, hysteria and migraine crisis.	The treatment will be required in relation to the cause and should be decided by the physician taking care of the patient, as it may be pharmacologic, surgical, psychiatric or neurological.
B	BESTIALITY (ZOOPHILIA) Go to menu	It consists of obtaining sexual pleasure in relation to animals. The most common: dogs, goats, chickens, etc. It is more common in people of low educational level and rural environments.	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological and may, in some cases supplemented with psychological therapy.
	BIPOLAR DISORDER Go to menu	Bipolar disorder generally is the same as manic depressive psychosis. There are some similar behaviors in neurosis and cyclothymic people, which should not be confused.	Treatment is is psychiatric if it is manic depressive psychosis and may be psychological in other cases.
	BLOCKING OF THOUGHT Go to menu	It is a disorder of extreme thinking. Almost can not think. Most affected suffer neurophysiologic causes, but may also be mental causes.	Treatment may be neurophysiologic, neurological or psychiatric depending on the pathology associated.
	BRADYLALIA Go to menu	It is a thought disorder that causes exaggerated slowness of speech. It may be due to neurophysiologic and / or mental causes.	Treatment may be neurophysiologic, neurological or psychiatric depending on the pathology associated.
	BRADYPSICHYA Go to menu	This thought disorder produces slow and difficult thought. Although it is characteristic of depression, it may also be due to a neurophysiologic problem.	Treatment may be psychiatric or neurophysiologic depending on the origin of the disorder.
	BULIMIA Go to menu	This eating disorder causes a pathological increase hunger, leading to obesity. In many cases it is secondary cause of other physical or mental disorders. Among the mental disorders that occur are mania and anxiety. It is usually more common in women and is usually associated with other complementary behaviors such as self-induced vomiting. Anorexia can be combined with, in this case of overweight and other times of extreme thinness occur. There is a broad connection between bulimia and depressive affective disorders, which often can be effective antidepressants	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological and usually accompanied by psychological therapy.
C	CATATONIA Go to menu	It is a psychomotor syndrome, including catalepsy, negativism, stupor, mutism, and muscular rigidity. The most characteristic is catalepsy, which is immobile and muscle stiffness attitude, so if the sufferer is placed a member in awkward position or antigravity, the subject can not recover the original position (waxy flexibility). It is also often observed automatic obedience, which echopraxia (copy of movements party), echolalia (copying words interlocutor), echomimia (copy of gestures partner) occurs. The negativity can be active (appears to force the affected do something) or passive (passive attitude systematically affected). Common causes are: catatonic Schizophrenia, abnormal basal ganglia and boxes neurological diseases, or the use of toxic and pharmacological abuse.	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacologic in most cases, but may be neurological or physiological function of the origin of the disorder
	CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA Go to menu	The schizophrenia are chronic psychotic illnesses. The sufferer, is often unaware of their disease and lose the universal logic of things. Even with treatment, the symptoms can be slow and proportional to a normal life affected, it's always in the specter of relapse. Catatonic schizophrenia is characterized mainly in motor disturbances always involuntarily. It can be basically in two ways: catatonic inhibition (movement decreases or even disappears completely, generating muscle rigidity and catalepsy) and catatonic excitation (there is rapid and intense movements completely uncontrolled, which in extreme cases can even cause heart attacks due to stress)	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological and in some cases with electroshocks.
	COPROPHAGIA Go to menu	Involves intake of excrement. It is complemented with acts like smearing his face with them. It occurs in dementias and oligophrenias where the patient back in the levels of personal evolution. It can also occur in severe masochistic disorders.	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological and may require the internment of the affected.
	COPROPHILIA Go to menu	It is to obtain sexual pleasure in manipulating excrements. It may be due to dementia or psychotic behavior.	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological and may require the internment of the affected
	COTARD'S SYNDROME Go to menu	SEE ASOMATOGNOSIA
	CRISIS OF ANXIETY Go to menu	SEE ANXIETY (NEUROSIS OF ANXIETY - CRISIS OF ANXIETY)
	CULPABILITY DELUSIONAL IDEAS Go to menu	Culpability delusional ideas are those in which the patient thinks things are produced because of him, for it will be set to the smallest details to create an argument.	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological.
D	DAMAGE DELUSIONAL IDEAS Go to menu	Delusions of prejudice are those in which the patient lays anomalous valuation judgments as you poison the food, etc.	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological.
	DELUSIONAL IDEAS Go to menu	Delusional ideas are a disorder of thought content. Involve the alteration of the argument. Corresponds to abnormal issues will be addressed with significant and express normal. Must meet three criteria: - Must be a false idea. - This idea must come via pathological. - The idea is irreducible through logical argument. May originate in various diseases, but the most common are schizophrenia, whether they are primary (occurring without cause or explanation), or endogenous depressions (where there has been a period of gestation of the idea) Depending on the types of content that are reported as separate disorders later in this glossary are divided.	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological.
	DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER Go to menu	It is included in personality disorders and is characterized by states of excessive subordination on others.	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological.
	DEPERSONALIZATION Go to menu	It is a typical manifestation of schizophrenia, where the affected has increased feelings of being a stranger to himself. These feelings of change can be noticed physical, gestural and even mentally. One of the most common behavior is known as the sign of the mirror, where the affected spend hours before the mirror, examining to see if it has changed. You can reach the loss of identity, accompanied by great troubles. Is a "new being in the world", which does not identify with "being in the world" above. May well reach delusional ideas of acceptance of a character (think Napoleon, Hitler, etc.) Depersonalization, although it is generally triggered with schizophrenia, may also arise in some hysteria, neurosis, brain injury, narcotics intoxication, etc.	The treatment, is psychiatric and pharmacological. In some cases there may be neurological. In others, it may be useful psychological therapy support.
	DISINTEGRATION Go to menu	Disintegration is a disorder of thought which is characterized by the formation of the structure illogical binding phrases. In other words, phrases, each of them is correctly built, but will join another illogically phrases (eg .: The clock strikes 7 is very sweet, has four legs). Have missed the logic of associations.	Treatment is neurological, psychiatric or pharmacologic or combination of all.
	DYSLEXIA Go to menu	It occurs in children. They can not read, but IQ is normal or even high. Usually the result of immaturity in tertiary areas. It can also be inherited.	Intensive work specific areas of immature. It may require psychological or psychiatric treatment.
	DYSPROSODY Go to menu	It is listed in aphasia (language disturbance) consists in altering the tone of speech, but could seem foreign accent. Its origin is usually a brain injury.	Treatment is neurological.
	DYSTHYMIA Go to menu	It is characterized by the problems in the regulation of mood. (Eg .: Both are friendly and hostile). It is framed in neurotic depression, but may also be a consequence of epilepsy.	Treatment is usually psychiatric and pharmacologic, but can also be neurological. In some cases it may be useful for psychological support.

PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY GLOSSARY